Bonding, Structure & Properties

Ionic bonding occurs between metals and non-metals. Metal atoms lose outer electrons to form positive ions (cations). Non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions (anions). The oppositely charged ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.

Ionic compounds form giant ionic lattices — regular arrangements of ions extending in all directions. Properties: high melting points (strong forces), conduct electricity when molten or dissolved (ions free to move), do not conduct when solid (ions fixed in place).