Reflection: angle of incidence = angle of reflection (both measured from the normal).
Refraction: waves change direction when they enter a different medium because their speed changes. Light entering a denser medium slows down and bends towards the normal.
The electromagnetic spectrum (longest to shortest wavelength):
Radio → Microwave → Infrared → Visible → Ultraviolet → X-ray → Gamma
All EM waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum (3 × 108 m/s), are transverse, and transfer energy.